Detractor 这个单词比较好记，拼写上来说就是在熟词 tractor （拖拉机、牵引机）的前面多加了前缀 de- （向下、降低、减少）。两者虽然含义相差较远，但却是同源词，与熟词 attract,contract, abstract 等一样都源自词根 tract （拉、抽、引，拉丁语拼作“trahere”）。其中， detractor 于14世纪末经英国法语detractour、古法语detractor或直接由拉丁语detrahere（取下、推倒、贬低）的施事名词detractor进入英语，也是用作名词表示“诋毁者、贬低者、恶意批评者”，常用复数 detractors 作正式用语使用，尤指那些经常试图通过恶意或不公平的批评来使某人或某事看起来不那么好、有效、有价值或者重要的人，

比如：

Her US debut will silence many of her detractors.她在美国的首次演出将会让很多诋毁她的人闭嘴。

The book's most strident detractors were Georgians.这本书最咄咄逼人的恶意批评者们是格鲁吉亚人。

Yet as a teacher, I recognized that it was excessive fear and self-doubt that were the greatest detractors of personal genius.好书用例

Rich Dad Poor Dad ）。但是，作为一名教师，我意识到过分的害怕和自我怀疑是毁掉我们才能的最大因素。出自美国财商教育类畅销书《富爸爸穷爸爸》（

critic: a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something disparager: a person who criticizes someone as being of little worth denigrator: a person who criticizes someone or something unfairly同近义词