小词详解 | jab

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jab

TEM8


📰 外刊例句

In contrast Germany has administered merely 317,000 jabs , or 0.4% of its people. 相比之下,德国仅进行了31.7万次接种,占其人口的0.4%。

—— 《经济学人》

—— 《纽约时报》


📖 基本释义

[verb] poke (someone or something) roughly or quickly, especially with something sharp or pointed
[动词] (尤指用尖锐的东西)粗暴地或迅速地戳(某人或某物)


💡 深入解读

Jab 是一个与熟词 job 十分形似的单词,也是一个近期在《经济学人》中出现比较多的单词,用的是其在英式英语中的非正式含义“注射接种、预防针”,比如:

流感预防针flu jabs/shots而其基本含义“戳、刺、捅”则源自中古英语jobben

(戳、刺、啄),多指突然快速用力地将细的或锋利的物体戳进另一个物体,既可以作动词也可以作名词使用,比如:

Watch out! You nearly jabbed me in the eye with your umbrella! And be careful not to snag your coat on the barbed wire.当心!你的雨伞快戳到我眼睛了!还有小心别让铁丝网钩破衣服。

She's always grousing about how she's been treated by the tramp like dirt. I think that's why she gave the tramp a jab in the stomach with her elbow.她老是抱怨那个贱妇是如何不把她放在眼里的。我想这就是她用胳膊肘猛顶那个贱妇的肚子的原因。

除了胳膊肘顶肚子外, jab 在打人方面还可以用来表示用拳击时用拳“猛击”,比如:

The hefty woman was simply too powerful for her opponent, rocking her with a steady supply of left jabs.对对手而言,那个身材高大的女人实在是太强大了,一顿结实的左刺拳打得对手摇摇晃晃。

有道是“sometimes words hurt more than swords”,言语上的攻击常常比胳膊肘顶肚子或者猛击一拳更让人感到刺痛,而这也可以用 jab 引申表示“抨击、攻击、刺激、刺痛”,多指一种突然而不愉快的批评,比如:

They have been sniping at each other, with the Democrats taking jabs at a thicket of foreign policy problems of the president.他们一直在互相指责,其中民主党一方抨击总统的一大堆错综复杂的对外政策问题。


📚 名著用例

That jab seemed in something of Rhett's old style and Scarlett grew annoyed. 这是一句带刺儿的话,看来瑞德的老脾气还没有改掉,因此思嘉有点恼火了。

— 出自《美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔(Margaret Mitchell)创作的长篇小说《飘》( Gone with the Wind )。该小说在1937年获得普利策奖,是玛格丽特·米切尔在世时出版的唯一一部作品。不但它成为美国史上最为畅销的小说之一,而且由这部小说所改编的同名电影《乱世佳人》也成为影史上不朽的经典。》


🔍 同近义词

  • poke: jab or prod (someone or something), especially with one's finger
  • prod: poke (someone) with a finger, foot, or pointed object
  • nudge: prod (someone) gently, typically with one's elbow, in order to draw their attention to something
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